In the past decade, the research and development of tuberculosis drugs has made great progress. At present, at least a dozen kinds of tuberculosis drugs are being evaluated in clinical trials. Some chemical drugs have been used in first-line or second-line treatment schemes for tuberculosis. At the same time, new compounds (rifamycins, fluoroquinolones and oxazolidinones) or new treatments with large doses of these drugs are being studied. There are other types of drugs that have been shown to potentially become new anti tuberculosis drugs, and their antibacterial mechanisms against Mycobacterium tuberculosis are different from those known (such as nitroimidazole, iarylquinoline, ethylene diamine, and pyrrole). The complexity of tuberculosis itself has strengthened the special challenges faced by the development of tuberculosis drugs. The demand for multiple drug treatment options, the relatively insufficient development of tuberculosis drugs in the past few decades, and the scarcity of resources have made the global demand for tuberculosis drugs even more urgent. In the face of these challenges today, humanity has had a very effective approach in developing promising and identifiable new tuberculosis drugs. For patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis who are sensitive or resistant to first-line or second-line drugs, these patients can be successfully cured with a three drug treatment regimen within three months or less. In fact, these potential treatments require continuous innovation, sustained attention, cooperation, and resources. This good development requires avoiding resistance to new drugs, ensuring that treatment plans are low-cost, convenient to use, and adopted by public systems or individuals.